Pilot assessment math tests, also known as numeracy tests, evaluate an applicant's ability to apply elementary mathematics fluently and without unit errors.12 These tests typically cover mental arithmetic, fractions, percentages, ratios, and conversions between metric and imperial units.134 Core topics also include the area and volume of simple shapes, Pythagoras' theorem, and the formula Distance = Speed × Time.345 The tests focus on solving practical flight and navigation problems quickly without a calculator.24 Arithmetic questions are usually multiple-choice and administered under strict time limits.3

The maths section of one flight school's COMPASS test in 2022 had 24 questions to be completed in 20 minutes.236 Other mathematics tests in selection processes consist of 16 multiple-choice questions in 30 minutes, 20 multiple-choice questions in 45 minutes, or 20 multiple-choice questions in 60 minutes.3 One exam format includes 18 multiple-choice questions with a 60-minute time limit.4 Another version presents 16 multiple-choice questions over 30 minutes.4

This topic tests the basic numeracy an airline pilot needs every day.5 Many problems are set in practical flying situations involving fuel, speed, and distance.5 In 2024, an applicant at a private pilot licence (PPL) school on Gran Canaria had 1 minute 15 seconds per question without a calculator for the maths and physics and mental arithmetic entrance test.6

The arithmetic test in the final round of the Transavia multi-crew pilot licence (MPL) selection in 2024 resembles the COMPASS arithmetic questions.6 Mental arithmetic, fractions, percentages, ratios, units, conversions, and the Distance = Speed × Time formula are usual topics on pilot assessment math tests. Arithmetic exams benefit from knowing conversions such as nautical miles to kilometers, feet to meters, knots to km/h, pounds to kilograms, and US gallons to liters.